These "mano duro" policies had significant downsides as well. Revolutionary Democratic Party of Honduras, National Unified Leadership of the Honduran Revolutionary Movement, People's Liberation Movement-Chinchoneros, Revolutionary Party of Central American Workers, Revolutionary Popular Forces Lorenzo Zelaya, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Honduras&oldid=977310987, Lists of political parties in Central America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 September 2020, at 04:00. National Party of Honduras or PNH [Reinaldo SANCHEZ Rivera] Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Guillermo VALLE] Definition: This entry includes a listing of significant political parties, coalitions, and electoral lists as of each country's last legislative election, unless otherwise noted. Also, these gang round-ups led to the overcrowding in the prison system. Honduras - Political parties The two major parties in Honduras are the Liberal Party (Partido Liberal—PL) and the National Party (Partido Nacional—PN). The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. [citation needed], The murder rate in 1999 was 154 murders per 100,000; around 2005 this had fallen to 49 per 100,000. At the time, the abuse of child-protection laws by gangs recruiting minors, and aggressive recruitment of members under threat of violence, lent broad popular support for Maduro's enlistment of the armed forces for a greater role in fighting crime during this time, as the police were seen as overwhelmed. NDI civil society partners include the Alliance for Peace and Justice, the Center for Documentation in Honduras, IUDPAS/UNAH, and the election observation coalition Let’s Do Democracy. However, it is unclear how many were gang-affiliated. The early 1980s were a relatively peaceful period compared to other countries in Central America buffeted by left-wing guerrillas. International reaction was universally negative with widespread condemnation of the events as a coup d'état. Honduras government. Political Parties; Honduras. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks. Honduras Table of Contents. Media in category "Political parties in Honduras" The following 11 files are in this category, out of 11 total. [21], After Maduro left office gang resurgence was felt and their presence continued, although less than before, but now using the cover of anti-government demonstrations for their activities.[22]. On February 20, 2005 the PNH and the PLH held internal party elections (primaries) to decide who would represent them in the forthcoming presidential elections in November. (The death rate from all causes is roughly 1000 per 100,000 population. However, this program relied mainly on private groups to implement the actual re-entry programs. As recently as this spring, political strategists in Honduras were writing about his chances of leading a three-party alliance in the presidential race. Tijuana, Mexico – It was the day of the 2017 general elections in Honduras when unknown men approached Obedi Miranda and her husband, Allan Escobar, two opposition Libre party activists. Zelaya also created a specialized anti-gang unit within the police force which he used to coordinate patrols with the Honduran military. )[14] Most of the crime in Honduras takes place in the big cities of Tegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula. The country’s public officials, particularly those from the incumbent National Party, are hopelessly corrupt, and Hondurans have grown accustomed to living under its burden. [9] In 2004, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Office of Immigration and Enforcement reported that Honduras received 2,345 total criminal deportations. Porfirio Pepe Lobo became the PNH candidate. The National Party unconstitutionally amended the latter prior to the 2017 elections, enabling the President to be re-elected for the position. Zelaya was inaugurated as Honduras' new president on January 27, 2006. The Cinchoneros are believed to be defunct, however. Political corruption in Honduras is both historical and widespread. Democracy, as an ideal of political organization and as a form of coexistence, has historically signaled a … The workshop was organized by UNDP with USAID funding through a citizen security project, which includes initiatives with the civil society as well as the political parties. Executive power is exercised by the government. Honduras traditionally had a two-party system, dominated by the Liberal Party of Honduras and the National Party of Honduras. However one suspect was detained very shortly afterwards in another part of San Pedro Sula, and further arrests were later made. According to the Country Report quoted in the U.C. [6] A recent estimate by the. Although street gangs do play a significant role in this high rate, organized crime, drug trafficking and social violence are other factors that contribute as well. [19] Some reports say that gang leaders from El Salvador come into Honduras to help stop their decline. Allegations of human rights abuses, and summary executions by police—especially of street gangs—have diminished steadily in recent years up to the present (2009), while political violence has been a constant. A Presidential and general election was held on November 27, 2005. Manuel Zelaya became the Liberal Party candidate. The report listed as causes and risk factors, "Lack of opportunities and alternatives for youth and adolescents, family breakdown, movement of Hondurans to and from the United States, and abuse of drugs and alcohol, and presence of weapons". [33] Almost no foreign government had recognized Micheletti as president. The elections have been full of controversies, including questions about whether Azcona was born in Honduras or Spain, and whether Maduro should have been able to stand given he was born in Panama. Both descend from the old Liberal and Conservative Parties from the 19th century. National political parties for Honduras government provided. Violent crime dipped noticeably under Maduro. The PNH and PLH have ruled the country for decades. Gang members often compete to see which crime receives the most coverage. He is credited with a major push to improve the country's transportation infrastructure. In the last years, Honduras has had five Liberal presidents: Roberto Suazo Córdova, José Azcona del Hoyo, Carlos Roberto Reina, Carlos Roberto Flores and Manuel Zelaya, and three Nationalists: Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero Porfirio Lobo Sosa and Ricardo Maduro. Although these patrols led to the arrests of 1,200 gang members, the rate of violence in Honduras did not subside.[20]. [3] and in the Report of the National Commissioner for the Protection of Human Rights in Honduras. A massacre in the San Pedro Sula suburb of Chamelecón left 27 dead and 29 injured. Local police said that the gunmen were members of the street gang Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13), and the supposed mastermind of the attack, Ebner Anibal Rivera-Paz, was later arrested in Falfurrias,Texas. In 1986, the Liberal Party's José Azcona del Hoyo was elected president. [4] In 1984, armed-forces chief General Gustavo Alvarez was deposed amid anti-US demonstrations in the capital, Tegucigalpa; this marked a decrease in counter-revolutionary activity, and the government continued to assist the United States' anti-Sandinista activities in Nicaragua in return for economic aid. [5], A major political issue in Honduras since about 1990 has been the high level of violent crime associated with the maras (Spanish for gangs, predominantly of young people), and drug trafficking organizations involved in the transport of cocaine from South America to the United States. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Honduras a "hybrid regime" in 2019.[1]. In Honduras, close to 30% of the population is aged 15–24.[8]. 1000 per 100,000 population is a very rough estimate based on 1.2% annual population growth and a life expectancy of 70 years. During his tenure at the Central Bank of Honduras, a banking license was given to Banco de Producción. Chief of state, president, political parties in Honduras given. The country’s public officials, particularly those from the incumbent National Party, are hopelessly corrupt, and Hondurans have grown accustomed to living under its burden. Honduras is a party to the World Bank’s Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. Nasralla is a former Pepsi-Cola executive and television personality, and gathers support from several parties. The party is a member of the Liberal International. desperation resulted in a "declaration of war" against the government, and three major events over the last few years brought this tiny country to the attention of the world media: a massacre of 68 prisoners at the prison farm just outside La Ceiba on 5 March 2003, a fire in the prison at San Pedro Sula that killed 107 prisoners on 18 May 2004, and the massacre of 27 innocent men, women and children in San Pedro Sula, on 23 December 2004. Almost a third of Hondurans feel a sense of insecurity related to crime.[10][11][when?] President Ricardo Maduro, a former chairman of the Central Bank of Honduras, ran on an anti-crime platform after his only son was murdered on 28 April 1999. Although some of the aid came in the form of military hardware, some components focused on strengthening the receiving country's judicial system.[17]. [12] It has been recently contended though that the media tends to exaggerate the gang problem, thus making Hondurans believe their communities less secure than they really are,[13][unreliable source? The attackers promised another massacre before the new year. Immigrant children who formed or joined urban gangs in cities such as Los Angeles began to have an impact in Honduras around 1990 because gang members completing prison sentences were deported. Honduras essentially has had two dominant political parties, the PNH and the PLH, for most of this century, with the military allying itself with the PNH for an extended period beginning in 1963. A supporter of Libre Alliance presidential candidate Salvador Nasralla wears a mask and holds a party banner during a protest march claiming electoral fraud, in Tegucigalpa, Honduras… Many gang members were jailed for illicit association. During the 1980s, many Hondurans fled to the US to avoid civil war and strife, and emigration continued for economic reasons after that. In April and May 2009 Zelaya announced plans for a non-binding poll on whether to hold a referendum about whether to convene a constituent assembly that would rewrite the constitution.[25][26]. Although gang members have been arrested for selling drugs at the street level, it is still unclear how much interaction they have with the larger drug cartels and their operations within Honduras. Honduras essentially had two dominant political parties, the PNH and the PLH, for most of this century, with the military allying itself with the PNH for an extended period beginning in 1963. The PNH challenged the election results, and Lobo Sosa did not concede until December 7. From 1982 to 2006, both parties held peaceful alternations in power and received a combined vote share of more than 80% in presidential and legislative elections. In the most recent election, however, President Juan Orlando Hernández was reelected despite national protest and dispute over ballots, after The Supreme court voided a single-term limit for the country’s presidency in 2015. The National and the Liberal parties, Honduras’ two traditional political parties, have traded the Central American country’s presidency for four decades. His party holds over half the seats in the 128-seat National Congress. Since Honduras's return to civilian democratic rule in the 1980s, two small centrist political parties, the Pinu and the PDCH, have participated in regular national presidential and legislative elections. Honduras is one of the poorest countries in Latin America. Honduras’ presidential election Nov. 26 has set off a political crisis. NDI also supports all registered Honduran political parties in their efforts … Political and economic elites have traditionally exerted significant influence over political parties, limiting people’s political choices. The Honduran government provided bases for U.S. backed counter-revolutionary armies operating in Nicaragua. After leaving the Central Bank he became chairman and majority stockholder of Banco de Producción, and the general manager of the Central Bank, Ana Cristina Mejia de Pereira, became general manager of Banco de la Producción. Share . The president is both the chief of state and head of government and is elected by popular vote for a four-year term with no possibility of re-election. National Congress (128 seats) National Party (48) Liberal Party of Honduras (30) Liberty and Refoundation (29) Anti-Corruption Party (10) Independent (5) Christian Democratic Party of Honduras (4) Innovation and Unity Party (1) Democratic Unification Party (1) The Liberal Party of Hondurasis a centre-left liberal political party in Honduras that was founded in 1891. Forty-five percent of the electorate voted in the primaries: 24% for the Liberals and 21% for the National Party. The President of Honduras is both head of state and head of government. In November 1997 he was elected to a 4-year term which began in January of 1998. [9], The report adds however, that the "overwhelming attention given to gang violence by the media and the government" is partly responsible. Those engaged in international trafficking are better resourced than the state authorities combating them. The Liberal Party's Carlos Roberto Flores Facussé was elected in 1997, also promising to restructure the armed forces; in 1999 the armed forces were brought under civilian control. Political corruption in Honduras is both historical and widespread. Gangs sell crack, commit other crimes, and hire themselves out to organised drug smugglers. Since the last survey in 2017, the percentage of Hondurans who believe the president is involved in acts of corruption has increased from 50 per cent to 65 per cent; and the number of Hondurans that believe the government is handling the figh… The 1981 Constitution of Honduras provides for a fairly strong executive in some ways, but many powers conceded to the executive elsewhere are designated duties of the unicameral National Congress. Honduras is one of the poorest countries in Latin America. Two-thirds of its roughly 9 million people live in poverty, according to the World Bank, and … In the most recent election, however, President Juan Orlando Hernández was reelected despite national protest and dispute over ballots, after The Supreme court voided a single-term limit for the country’s presidency in 2015. So far, 22 people have been killed during protests; the Organization of American States is calling for a new election. This changed dramatically with a coup d’état in 2009, which was widely condemned by the international community. TEGUCIGALPA, Honduras — In a small town tucked in the hills outside Tegucigalpa, ... and both are exacerbated by the patriarchal norms of society here and women’s lack of political power. In 1993, the Liberal Party's Carlos Reina was elected president, promising to reform the judicial system and limit the power of the armed forces. The party system is dominated by the conservative National Party of Honduras and the Liberal Party of Honduras. Politics of Honduras takes place in a framework of a multi-party system presidential representative democratic republic. The local police have been suspected in extrajudicial killings of street children as a form of social cleansing, to combat the growing gang numbers. View downloads . It was founded in 1902, almost 10 years after the Liberal Party was formed. Both descend from the old Liberal and Conservative Parties from the 19th century. Between 1981 and 1984, several forced disappearances were carried out by the military, as proved before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Honduras traditionally had a two-party system, dominated by the Liberal Party of Honduras and the National Party of Honduras. His "Mano Duro" policy (name used to describe Central American leaders taking a hard stance against crime) led to the creation of a penal code in 2003 which made street gangs like MS-13 and M-18 illegal and established jail sentences up to 12 years for proven membership.[18]. . claim that Honduras would be better off legalizing drugs, thus avoiding military solutions to Honduran security problems. There was further controversy when he refused to submit the government budget for Congressional approval. Honduras has six registered political parties: Liberal Party of Honduras (Partido Liberal de Honduras—PLH), founded 1891.; National Party of Honduras (Partido Nacional de Honduras—PNH), founded 1918.Dominated Honduran politics from 1933-1957. A judiciary is appointed by the National Congress. A BRIDGE workshop on Political Finance to the 10 registered political parties in Honduras took place between 9 and 12 May, in the capital of the country, Tegucigalpa. would use this argument to justify increasing US military aid to Honduras to help fight the organised drug gangs, while others[who?] In 2010 the U.S. Congress separated funding for Central America totaling $83 million. The judges of the Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia, are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress.[2]. Two-thirds of its roughly 9 million people live in poverty, according to the World Bank, and in rural areas, 1 in 5 lives in extreme poverty. The current president of Honduras is Carlos Flores Facusse, a member of the Partido Liberal. The Honduran Supreme Court had upheld a lower court injunction against the 28 June poll,[27] and on 26 June – while Zelaya ignored the injunction – it issued a secret order for his detention. Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. The coup… Hernandez’s main opponent is Salvador Nasralla from the Opposition Alliance. Although Honduras has made progress toward strengthening its democracy since transitioning from military rule in 1982, abiding violence, corruption, impunity and inequality in one of the hemisphere’s poorest countries have undermined citizen confidence that Honduran institutions are governing for the benefit of all. Political parties in Honduras. M anuel Zelaya, Honduras’s ousted ex-President, eased into the couch in the headquarters for his LIBRE party and laid out the opposition’s mounting insurrection.. Another reason for the attention is that they most affect the lower-income population disproportionately, and almost all areas of public activities were affected. The murderers left behind a message, claiming to come from the Cinchoneros, railing against Maduro, Lobo, Álvarez and the death penalty. Democratic Unification Party (Partido Unificación Democrática—UD or PUD), founded in 1992 at the end of the Cold war when formerly … Honduras - Political parties. Maduro came into power in January 2002 with a wave of measures against gangs and delinquency, the most noticeable, soldiers patrolling the streets. Violence Against Women in Politics: Research on political parties in Honduras . [29] They put him on a military airplane which flew him to Costa Rica. National political parties for Honduras government provided. During the 2013 election, which many in Honduras believe Mr. Hernández and his party similarly stole from Libre candidate Xiomara Castro (Mr. Zelaya’s wife), at least 18 Libre party … This changed dramatically with a coup d’état in 2009, which was widely condemned by … The judiciary includes a Supreme Court of Justice - the Supreme Court of Honduras, courts of appeal, and several courts of original jurisdiction – such as labor, tax, and criminal courts. 13. The military, after decades of ruling Honduras, remains politically powerful. The Global Corruption Barometer – Latin America and the Caribbeanpoints towards a worsening situation, particularly the decreasing trust in the government and its anti–corruption efforts. It claims the color blue. The president is both the chief of state and head of government and is elected by popular vote for a four-year term with no possibility of re-election. Although gangs existed in Tegucigalpa in the 1980s, the phenomenon exploded around 1990. The National Congress of Honduras (Congreso Nacional) has 128 members (diputados), elected for a four-year term by proportional representation; congressional seats are assigned the parties' candidates on a departmental basis in proportion to the number of votes each party receives. On 20 December 2007, the National Congress, at the urging of the leaders of both of the dominant parties, passed a set of electoral reforms. The PLH is identified with the color red and white, as the flag Francisco Morazan used in most of his military campaigns during time of the Central American Federal Republic. Honduras has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties – the PLH and the PNH.It is thus extremely difficult for anybody to achieve national electoral success under the banner of any other party. He implemented a policy of requiring cabinet member nominees to first pass appropriate examinations, unique among politicians anywhere. Legislative power is vested in the National Congress of Honduras. The President Manuel Zelaya's affiliation in 2008 with the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas ALBA sparked controversy. put the number of gang members in Honduras at 36,000. The two major parties in Honduras are the Liberal Party (Partido Liberal—PL) and the National Party (Partido Nacional—PN). [16], Some[who?] SHARE. Rafael Callejas became president in 1990 and introduced neo-liberal economic reforms and austerity measures. The National Party of Honduras is the "right-winged" party and dominated the country between 1933-1957. Honduras: Information on the candidates for, and results of, the November 1997 national election in Agua Caliente, including whether there were reports of political violence between supporters of the Liberal and National parties; and the name of the National Party President … This summer marked 10 years since Zelaya was overthrown in a U.S.-backed military coup. Honduras has six registered political parties: Since about 1920 Honduras has had essentially a two-party system, with the Liberal Party and the National Party dominating electoral politics. Some of the main political pressure groups are the Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras (CODEH); Confederation of Honduran Workers (CTH); Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise (COHEP); National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; United Federation of Honduran Workers or FUTH, Ouster of President Zelaya on June 28, 2009, See a timeline of Honduran political history including events affecting same at. OPIC also offers insurance against risks of currency inconvertibility, expropriation, and political violence. Honduras’ party system began eroding with the election of Manuel Zelaya to the presidency (2006-2009), marking the beginning of the decline of the Liberal Party. Other than civil war, high rates of poverty and unemployment and lack of education make at-risk youth more vulnerable to gangs. Chief of state, president, political parties in Honduras given. Another organ similarly independent of the three main branches of government a Special Court for Resolution of Conflicts Between Branches of Government. Manuel Zelaya of the Liberal Party of Honduras (Partido Liberal de Honduras: PLH) won, with Porfirio Pepe Lobo of the National Party of Honduras (Partido Nacional de Honduras: PNH) coming in second. The constitution also provides for an independent organ to supervise and implement elections, the Superior Electoral Tribunal. Voters in Honduras have long been faced with a choice between the right and the centre right in a multi-party system dominated by bipartisanship. Regardless of the initial signs of success, gangs learned to adapt and continued to carry out their activities. San Diego Library Latin American election results, "The low participation rate in the primaries . Deportees brought the two main gangs in Honduras, MS-13 and the 18th Street gang. Two Traditionally Dominant Parties Honduras essentially has had two dominant political parties, the PNH and the PLH, for most of this century, with the military allying itself with the PNH for an extended period beginning in 1963. A recent form of U.S. aid that addresses the gang problem was the creation of the Central American Regional Security Initiative (CARSI), originally seen as a part of the U.S.- Mexico Mérida Initiative. Tweet. Tuesday, August 1, 2017. FBI and their counterparts in Central America[who?] ], because of the extreme violence that accompanies the crimes perpetrated by these gangs. is a reflection of the lack of public faith in Honduras's political institutions and leaders."[23]. The current president, Juan Orlando Hernandez, is considered to be a divisive figure with political support within the country as well as vocal opposition from the public. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment Statistics [15], Honduras has been not only a transit point for cocaine running between Colombia and the United States, a pattern broken substantially after the arrest and exile of the ex-president Mel Zelaya,[citation needed] but also has an internal market, creating all sorts of inner-city problems. For example, many youth are wrongly arrested for membership but later become recruited into gangs while in jail. Ahead of the November elections in Honduras, Afrodescendants, indigenous people, women, youth, people with disabilities, human rights defenders, and LGBTI groups came together to present demands to political parties and state institutions — asking for a more inclusive and representative political process. The range of criminal activities that street gangs carry out is broad, from kidnapping and human trafficking to drug, auto and weapons smuggling, as well as domestic extortion. The reforms were opposed by President Manuel Zelaya, who indicated that he would veto them, citing constitutional objections. Which brings us to the next four years. . In April 1995 compulsory military service was abolished. The USAID quote and murder rate are from USAID, Executive branch of the government of Honduras, Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras, Revolutionary Popular Forces Lorenzo Zelaya, Central American Bank for Economic Integration, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, International Fund for Agricultural Development, United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, "Honduras Quagmire: An Interview with Zelaya", "Army overthrows Honduras president in vote dispute", "Honduras Congress Communiqué explaining why ex President Zelaya was removed", "Honduran Leader's Populism is what Provoked Military Violence", "Honduras supreme court 'ordered arm coup'", http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/m/roberto_micheletti/index.html, https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/28/AR2009062801569.html, "Honduran president overthrown, new leader voted in", "Rare Hemisphere Unity in Assailing Honduran Coup", National Unified Leadership of the Honduran Revolutionary Movement, People's Liberation Movement-Chinchoneros, Revolutionary Democratic Party of Honduras, Revolutionary Party of Central American Workers, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Honduras&oldid=992787784, Articles with dead external links from June 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from July 2017, Articles with dead external links from September 2010, Wikipedia articles scheduled for update tagging, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2017, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Patriotic Alliance Party of Honduras ("partido alianza Patriótica" ) founded in 2017, Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 02:39. The reforms would move the date of the presidential primaries ahead from February 2009 to November 2008, change the location of vote-counting from a central one to the individual municipalities, and radically increase public funding of political parties, from about US$3.2 million every election cycle to about US$52 million every election cycle.[24]. In 2001, Ricardo Maduro was elected president on a platform that promised to stop rampant inflation afflicting the nation, and to put a stop to the brutal trademark violence of street gangs. Subsequently on June 28, the Honduran Congress, in an extraordinary session, voted to remove Zelaya from office and appoint his constitutional successor, Speaker of Congress Roberto Micheletti, in his place as interim President[30][31] for a term that ended on 27 January 2010.[32]. 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In politics: Research on political parties in Honduras, a banking license was given to Banco Producción!