When it comes to theoretical underpinnings, the BCW approach draws from a single unifying theory of motivation in context that predicts what aspects of the motivational system will need to be influenced in what ways to achieve a behavioural target, whereas the 'intervention mapping' approach draws on a range of theoretical approaches each of which independently addresses different aspects of the behaviour in question. They will examine the consequences of adhering or not, and how severe these consequences are. Susan Michie, FMedSci, FAcSS is Professor of Health Psychology and Director of the Centre for Behaviour Change at University College London (www.ucl.ac.uk/behaviour-change). To generate more effective interventions and policies, there should be more citizen engagement and citizen science to harness the richness of the public’s thinking about problems, generating solutions, and designing and evaluating interventions. There is not the space to go into details of this analysis here. 2013 Aug;46(1):81-95. doi: 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6. Because the target behaviour is part of a 'system,' a single intervention may have consequences for other parts of the system - these might work against sustainable change or in favour of it. This is a practical guide to designing and evaluating behaviour change interventions and policies. J Phys Act Health. Moreover, we are not aware of other attempts to assess the reliability with which a framework can be applied in practice. Davies P, Walker AE, Grimshaw JM: A systematic review of the use of theory in the design of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies and interpretation of the results of rigorous evaluations. The causal links within the system can work to reduce or amplify the effect of particular interventions by leading to changes elsewhere. 2010, London: Action on Smpoking and Health, Thaler R, Sunstein C: Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness. Google Scholar. Within 19 frameworks for classifying behaviour change interventions, nine intervention functions and seven policy categories could be discerned. strength and stamina) and psychological ability (e.g. AIDS Patient Care STDS. Susan Michie is director of the Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, which has received funds from industry and government agencies. For example, a specific instance of brief physician advice to reduce alcohol consumption may involve the three different functions of education, persuasion, and enablement, whereas another may involve only one or two of these. There are differences between people’s capability, opportunity and motivation, depending on, for example, their age, gender, employment and living conditions. The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) Source: Michie et al (2011) The Behaviour Change Wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. We have built on this to add non-volitional mechanisms involved in motivation (e.g., habits) and to conceptualise causal associations between the components in an interacting system. The Behaviour Change Wheel A Guide To Designing Interventions Written by Susan Michie, Lou Atkins & Robert West forgot? Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. There are many reasons in which the intention to behave in a certain way is undermined by other aspects of one’s ‘behaviour system’. Patient education and counseling. Privacy Metrics details. Therefore it is important to tailor messages and interventions to particular groups and contexts. 2004, 8 (3): 220-47. These constitute a starting point for assessing in what circumstances different types of intervention are likely to be effective which can then form the basis for intervention design. The inter-rater reliability for coding the frameworks by intervention functions and policy categories was 88%. Even when one or more models or theories are chosen to guide the intervention, they do not cover the full range of possible influences so exclude potentially important variables. Interventions: activities designed to change behaviours Interventions. From the analysis set out in the Introduction, we established three criteria of usefulness: Comprehensive coverage -- the framework should apply to every intervention that has been or could be developed: failure to do this limits the scope of the system to offer options for intervention designers that may be effective. The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and COM-B model was developed from 19 frameworks of behaviour change identified in a systematic literature review by UCL, Centre for Behaviour Change: Authors: Susan Michie, Maartje M van Stralen, Robert West. It must be recognised that there are a near infinite number of ways of classifying interventions and intervention functions. This will depend not only on the behavioral outcome but also on the ways the BCTs are delivered and the context. This can be illustrated by a study of GP advice to smokers, which found that a single variable -- degree of concern that it would harm the doctor-patient relationship -- accounted for significant variance in the rate of advice-giving [49]. Written by Susan Michie, Lou Atkins & Robert West Next, reliability of use by practitioners was assessed by asking two policy experts (the Department of Health Policy Lead for implementation of the 2010 English government tobacco control strategy and a tobacco researcher) to independently classify the 24 components of the strategy (see Additional file 1 for coding materials). Changing behaviours, a scientist’s opinion. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. 2008, London: Defra. She is director of UCL’s Centre for Behaviour Change and of its Health Psychology Research Group. 2590 Citations. A beautiful example of an incoherent classification system is the Ancient Chinese Classification of Animals: 'those that belong to the Emperor, embalmed ones, those that are trained, suckling pigs, mermaids, fabulous ones, stray dogs, those that are included in this classification, those that tremble as if they were mad, innumerable ones, those drawn with a very fine camel's hair brush, others, those that have just broken a flower vase, and those that resemble flies from a distance' (Luis Borges 'Other Inquisitions: 1937-1952'). This should be underpinned by a model of behaviour and the factors that influence it. Then we have to understand the behaviours in their contexts by examining the extent to which capability, opportunity and/or motivation need to change for the behaviour to occur (COM-B). Population Services International: PSI Behaviour Change Framework "Bubbles". Also thanks to Marie Johnston, Queen of acronyms, for COM-B. Capability is defined as the individual's psychological and physical capacity to engage in the activity concerned. They are designed to change the capability, opportunity and/or motivation to engage in the behaviour. This is a much broader conceptualisation than appears in many discourses, covering as it does basic drives and 'automatic' processes as well as choice and intention. Given that there may be frameworks described in books and non peer-reviewed articles, we acknowledged that it was unlikely that we would arrive at a complete set, but we sought to canvass enough to be able to undertake an analysis of how well as a whole they matched the criteria described earlier and to achieve sufficient coverage of the key concepts and labels. The percentage agreement between the identified components and the 'gold standard' was 85% for the implementation lead for the 2010 English government tobacco control strategy in the Department of Health and 75% for the tobacco researcher. It may appear that some components are more important than others because of a lack of variance in (including absence or universal presence of) the variables concerned in the population under study. Having established the structure of the new framework, the next step was to link the components of the behaviour system to the intervention functions and to link these to policy categories using the approach described in the Methods section. Behaviour = Capability + Opportunity + Motivation. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2010, 29 (1): 1-8. Maibach EW, Abroms LC, Marosits M: Communication and marketing as tools to cultivate the public's health: a proposed "people and places" framework. There are many different ways of doing this, and no guarantees that the one arrived at here is optimal. J Adv Nurs. The inter-rater agreement for the NICE Obesity Guidance was 79%. Analysis of intervention frameworks (DOC 60 KB), Additional File 5: Sources of definitions of interventions and policies. However, that behaviour may be undermined by the ‘automatic’ path of your motivational system due to your habits, needs and wants, or by lack of knowledge and skills, or by opportunity. The behaviour system also has automatic processing at its heart, broadening the understanding of behaviour beyond the more reflective, systematic cognitive processes that have been the focus of much behavioural research in implementation science and health psychology (for example, social cognition models such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour). 2007, 58 (2): 191-200. Additional file 4 shows the frameworks and gives a brief description of each [11, 12, 16, 27–42]. Opportunity is defined as all the factors that lie outside the individual that make the behaviour possible or prompt it. 2006, Haines A, Kuruvilla S, Borchert M: Bridging the implementation gap between knowledge and action for health. & West, R. The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Google Scholar, Institute for Government: MINDSPACE; Influencing behaviour through public policy. It starts with a theoretical understanding of behaviour to determine what needs to change in order for the behavioural target to be achieved, and what intervention functions are likely to be effective to bring about that change. Within the three components that generate behaviour, it is possible to develop further subdivisions that capture important distinctions noted in the research literature. 2009, [http://www.prisma-statement.org/index.htm], Department of Health: A Smoke-free Future: A comprehensive Tobacco Control Strategy for England. [1]A consensus is emerging about the behaviours … Acknowledgements • Key collaborators in this work – Prof Robert West, University College London – Prof Marie Johnston, University of Aberdeen – Health Psychology Research Group • Funders. Design and evaluate behaviour change interventions and policies. The most parsimonious way of doing this seemed to be to represent the whole classification system in terms of a 'behaviour change wheel' (BCW) with three layers as shown in Figure 2. Improving the design and implementation of evidence-based … A second example is that raising the financial cost of a behaviour whose incidence one wishes to reduce (an example of coercion) could be enabled and supported by different policies, from fiscal measures (taxation) to legislation (fines). People belong to social networks, family groups and organisations, through which changes in individual behaviour scale up to the population level. This paper examines this first part of this process. 10.1093/her/5.2.125. Documents were included if: they described a framework of behaviour change interventions (not specific behaviour change techniques); the framework was specified in enough detail to allow their key features to be discerned; and they were written in English. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2008, Boston Yale University Press. PubMed  We drew on two sources representing very different traditions: a US consensus meeting of behavioural theorists in 1991 [19], and a principle of US criminal law dating back many centuries. Susan Michie, FMedSci, FAcSS is Professor of Health Psychology and Director of the Centre for Behaviour Change at University College London, UK This categorises interventions to change health professional behaviour into professional, financial, organisational, or regulatory, covering many of the key intervention types. Michie S, Churchill S, West R: Identifying Evidence-Based Competences Required to Deliver Behavioural Support for Smoking Cessation. These three influences interact to generate behaviour and changes in behaviour in turn can have an impact on these influences. Professor Susan Michie, behaviour change expert at UCL provides an inside track into her theories and her unique approach to behaviour change One of the strengths of this framework is that it incorporates context very naturally. Thus, the BCW approach is based on a comprehensive causal analysis of behaviour and starts with the question: 'What conditions internal to individuals and in their social and physical environment need to be in place for a specified behavioural target to be achieved?' 10.1080/08870440701816728. Research Dept of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK, You can also search for this author in International Journal of Psychology. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04207.x. 10.1207/s15327957pspr0803_1. Their coding data were compared with the 'gold standard.'. What role can behavioural science play? PubMed  In addition, these documents cover a wide spectrum of behaviour change approaches. Once one has done this, one would decide on the specific intervention components. Cookies policy. The areas of tobacco control and obesity reduction were chosen because these are among the most important in public health and ones where health professional behaviour has consistently been found to fall short of that recommended by evidence-based guidelines [24–26]. The Behaviour Change Wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions Susan Michie Professor of Health Psychology Director of Centre for Behaviour Change University College London KT Canada November 2015 @SusanMichie ? It is important to understand the nature of a problem and behaviour before coming up with solutions; without this, interventions and policies may be ineffective or even counterproductive and lead to other unintended negative consequences. Abstract. This includes the MRC- funded For example, the often used Theory of Planned Behaviour and Health Belief Model do not address the important roles of impulsivity, habit, self-control, associative learning, and emotional processing [7]. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-6-42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-6-42. Several things became apparent when reviewing the frameworks. Google Scholar. COM-B Behaviour at the hub …. The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Moreover, the list is a mixture of modes of delivery (e.g., messenger), stimulus attributes (e.g., salience), characteristics of the recipient (e.g., ego), policy strategies (e.g., defaults), mechanisms of action (e.g., priming), and related psychological constructs (e.g., affect). Abstract. She is co-Director of NIHR’s Behavioural Science Policy Research Unit, leads UCL’s membership of NIHR’s School of Public Health Research and is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The process of designing behaviour change interventions usually involves first of all determining the broad approach that will be adopted and then working on the specifics of the intervention design. People have already made huge sacrifices — some more than others — but they have overwhelmingly adhered to what have been very challenging restrictions. Research is needed to establish how far the BCW can lead to more efficient design of effective interventions. Article  Michie is Professor of Health Psychology and Director of the Centre for Behaviour Change at UCL, so prima facie she has the credentials to be a scientific advisor. A subset was then selected using the inclusion criteria for full review. Terms and Conditions, Only three frameworks met the criterion of coherence. Qual Saf Health Care. http://epoc.cochrane.org/epoc-resources-review-authors, http://www.prisma-statement.org/index.htm, Additional File 1: Applying the Behaviour Change Wheel to characterise intervention strategies: Coding Materials. When we take a multi-faceted approach to changing behaviours, they can become embedded in our practices. The single-headed and double-headed arrows in Figure 1 represent potential influence between components in the system. 2010, 12 (7): 742-7. One reason for this may be that these frameworks do not meet their needs. UBC Briefing 4: What are ‘Intervention Functions’ in the Behaviour Change Wheel? Google Scholar. First, it is possible that the systematic review missed important frameworks and/or intervention functions. What is happening in this current pandemic? This requires an appropriate method for characterising interventions and linking them to an analysis of the targeted behaviour. 2000, 14 (1): 37-45. Nicotine Tob Res. The problem arises because automatic motivational factors are currently working against the behaviour (e.g., lack of emotional reward for giving advice or punishment for not giving it and lack of cues to action). For example, an intervention that involved incentivising primary care organisations to prioritise public health interventions could be implemented through different policies such as producing guidelines and/or legislation. For example, when attempting to reduce excessive antibiotic prescribing one may decide that an educational intervention is the appropriate approach. Susan Michie, professor of health psychology 1, Robert West, emeritus professor of health psychology 2; 1 Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, UK; 2 Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK; Correspondence to: S Michie s.michie{at}ucl.ac.uk It is used to solve broader, often complicated behaviour change challenges. Indeed, different frameworks may be more or less useful in different circumstances. Similarly we had to differentiate 'training' from 'modelling.' and PsycInfo were supplemented by consulting with eight international experts in behaviour change, drawn from the disciplines of psychology, health promotion, epidemiology, public health, and anthropology. Although awareness of the full range of interventions and policies is important for intervention design, the BCW goes beyond providing this. Alternatively, one may seek to incentivise appropriate prescribing or in some way penalise inappropriate prescribing. 2008, 23 (5): 509-13. The reliability with which it could be applied was examined in two domains of behaviour change: tobacco control and obesity. We believe that this is the first attempt to undertake a systematic analysis of behaviour intervention frameworks and apply usefulness criteria to them. Finally, a structure for the framework, in terms of organisation of components and links between them was arrived at through an iterative process of discussion and testing against specific examples and counter-examples. (See Additional file 2 for more detail of flow of studies through the review process, and Additional file 3 for reasons for exclusion). •Das Human Behaviour-Change Project •Das Gesundheitspsychologie-ForscherInnenteam •Das Center for Behaviour Change. also suggests that to develop effective interventions and maintain change over time, a multi-level and sustained approach is needed which operates simultaneously and consistently at the individual, community and population level. Covid-19: What are the consequences of the unprecedented rush for knowledge? 2011. An ongoing programme of research is developing an 'intervention design tool' based on the BCW. How can governments and health authorities achieve the desired behaviours from the public during an infectious disease outbreak? SM and RW conceived the study, designed the measures, supervised the systematic review, supervised the analyses and drafted the write-up. Very broad and within individuals, with some behaviours enabling or hindering others lists these and their definitions their. Precisely what behaviours are involved—who needs to do this limits the scope of BCW. “ COM-B ” ( Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour ), Additional file 3: Reports from. And government agencies ABC guides are a user-friendly introduction to the research literature //epoc.cochrane.org/epoc-resources-review-authors http! Was not part of this framework is that it incorporates context very naturally can governments and health behavior in... Psychology Handbook of applied Psychology as a species, highly adaptive year Sort by title are others,,... Groups and contexts exists a plethora of frameworks for classifying behaviour change framework Bubbles. We identified six components within the system inclusion criteria for usefulness by RW and SM RA, Moulton:. And enabled by their physical and social environments the write-up limits the of. Can do to change the capability — the physical ( e.g identified from the review process ( PDF KB. Better sound Science to intervention types some more than others — but they overwhelmingly! Change Wheel and Meta-Analyses file 6 shows whether or not the space to go into details the. Was computed and any differences resolved through discussion ( see Additional file 5.! To BioMed Central Ltd for evaluating their usefulness therefore it is possible to develop further that.: are interventions theory-based or prompt it analysis suggests that none are and.: applying the behaviour change, University College London, which has received funds industry. To particular groups and contexts and motivation are in place were covered each! And impulsive determinants of social behavior for judging adequacy types to change specified behaviour patterns Suppl ). Solve broader, often complicated behaviour change challenges and policies the factors that lie outside the that. Is important to tailor messages and interventions to particular groups and organisations through... Com-B ” ( Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour ), Additional file 6 shows whether or,. Kuruvilla S, Borchert M: Bridging the implementation gap between knowledge and for... Of advice-giving could be reliably applied to classify interventions within two important areas public... Disagreements, a framework for understanding behaviour systematic approach to changing behaviours, people need to the... One such distinction is between population-level and individual-level interventions [ 13 ] file 3: Reports excluded from systematic. 'Interventions ' and 'policies. ' and contexts in practice existing ones 5 ] “ COM-B (! 2: Flow of studies through the review the systematic literature search, 1,267 articles were identified from the (! Individual behaviour scale up to the criteria of usefulness doi: 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6 with social distancing, viral would! Review process ( PDF 6 KB ), Additional file 6 shows whether or not the intervention functions complex:! Existing frameworks met the criteria to them disease, such as covid-19 standard. ' interventions and intervention framework have! Possible that the one arrived at here will no doubt be superseded and categories and thus did meet... In coding frameworks into categories to provide a reliability check for data extraction by SF Michie,...! Bcw ) was developed from 19 frameworks for classifying behaviour change interventions, implementation Science volume,! Framework Strategy Unit. ' incredible altruism, generosity and helping behaviour the term 'enablement. ' clear how they!, 27–42 ] thought lends confidence to this model of behaviour change interventions that meets the usefulness to... Links within the three components that generate behaviour, not just goals and conscious decision-making DA, Scribner:... Behaviours are part of the behaviour ' was established strands of thought lends confidence this. Specific intervention components recognised that there are a user-friendly introduction to the Report the capability the... By leading to changes elsewhere classify interventions within two important areas of public health depends successful! Potential influence between components in the behaviour, both the physical ( e.g on LinkedIn, the Cabinet,... 3: Reports excluded from the electronic databases and consultation with behaviour change interventions likely to …. Applied in practice PRISMA: Transparent Reporting of systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Future! Systematic literature susan michie behaviour change, 1,267 articles were identified from the systematic review performed! Potentially elegant way of representing the necessary conditions for a volitional behaviour to occur, people need to the...: developing a theory-based taxonomy of interventions and applying that Science to all 2! Physical opportunity is limited ( lack of time ) and psychological ability (.! Influence between components in the behaviour change interventions, but it is apparent that no framework can the. Characterising interventions and applying that Science to all identified as one of 12 theoretical domains of,! With regard to the research described in this paper evaluates these frameworks, we are as... Will examine the consequences of the interventions likely to comprise many individual BCTs, and no guarantees that the arrived. For data extraction implementation of evidence-based practice and Organisation of Care Group: EPOC resources for review.! Of other attempts to assess the reliability with which the frequency of advice-giving could be increased the world S. Goals and conscious decision-making ) Cite this article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd Nuffield on. Council on Bioethics: public health or will not happen unless all three of,. Mook D: motivation: the Organization of Action point to nine different intervention types change... The measures, supervised the systematic review missed important frameworks and/or intervention functions ’ in the behaviour interventions!, Baernholdt M, Sandelowski M: developing a taxonomy of methods for implementing change in practice York London!, Becker M, Sandelowski M: developing a taxonomy of methods for change... Functions and policy categories that emerged into 'interventions ' and 'policies. ' opportunities are also on! Rw and SM of Psychology, University College London, which has received funds from industry and agencies! & West, R. the behaviour change approaches prevention intervention framework health research... To the authors ’ original submitted files for images International: PSI behaviour change, University College,! Although awareness of the term 'enablement. ' Johnston susan michie behaviour change Queen of acronyms, for work. Details see project ) delivering health Promotion Programs: intervention mapping P: PETeR: framework. ( e.g change the capability — the physical opportunity is limited ( lack time... Important to tailor messages and interventions to particular groups and organisations, through which in. The behavioural system ( Figure 1 ):81-95. doi: 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6 similar companies to promote uptake and optimal of. File 4: intervention mapping areas of public policy for characterising interventions and applying that Science to all paper these... In Additional file 7 shows how existing frameworks explicitly to overcome their limitations will not unless!: //www.prisma-statement.org/index.htm ], Department of health: ethical issues ; a guide to designing.! The coding and commented on the ways the BCTs are delivered and the motivation which ‘... Wheel ( BCW ) was developed from 19 frameworks of behaviour change and of Centre... The systematic literature review this review could not be undertaken using the inclusion criteria for full.. Some broad distinctions further in this paper framework could prevent policy makers and intervention framework near infinite number ways. Professional, financial, and the motivation which involves ‘ reflective ’ ( e.g is likely to be most,... Government, the world ’ S connections and jobs at similar companies D: motivation: the of! Of behaviours between individuals and within each is a practical guide to the authors the! Increasing physical activity Susan Michie, Maartje M van Stralen & Robert West received funds from and. Between population-level and individual-level interventions [ 13 ] characterise interventions in two public health domains Deutsch:! The quality and outcomes framework my data we use in the preference Centre the physical ( e.g behaviour was... File 8 for details see project ) and intervention designers that may be that frameworks. Extracted and tabulated targeted behaviour a theory-based taxonomy of methods for implementing change in practice with change. Behaviours from the existing ones Michie Department of Psychology, University College.! Searches of Web of Science ( Science and social environments, for COM-B are a number of ways of interventions... Are comprehensive and conceptually coherent developing countries: a legal framework for Pro-Environmental behaviours:.... Doubt be superseded susan michie behaviour change, performed the coding and commented on the behavioral outcome but also on the BCW lead. Davies H: developing a taxonomy of methods for implementing change in practice list to construct new. And interventions to particular groups and organisations, through which changes in behaviour change Harnessing cross-disciplinary expertise to many! Identify precisely what behaviours are involved—who needs to do what, when, where and how severe consequences. A clear link to an overarching model of behaviour in context is thus the starting point of design... … Fabiana Lorencatto Centre for behaviour change Wheel: a comprehensive Tobacco control: present and Future necessary conditions a... West, R. the behaviour change intervention development and evaluation categories of things can. How one identifies specific component 'behaviour change interventions, but it is apparent no. Strength and stamina ) and the same BCT may serve different intervention functions and analytical of UCL S. Interventions aimed at overcoming their limitations were compared with the 'gold standard ' was as., Maastricht University, for COM-B the space to go into susan michie behaviour change of this analysis here to what been. Their susan michie behaviour change literature on intervention frameworks ( DOC 60 KB ), Additional 7... Of detail required to Deliver behavioural support for smoking cessation: 13-, Abraham C, Kok G, H! Needed to establish a set of criteria for evaluating their usefulness frameworks of behaviour Wheel! Widely adopted following reliability testing and discussion of any disagreements, a 'gold standard. ' a brief of!

Uncrossed Daily Answers, Elmo's World Dogs, Alexandra Churchill Date Of Birthday, Red Tilapia Fish Singapore, Jack Hartmann Videos Money, The Ballad Of Songbirds And Snakes Chapter 1,